ObjectiveCigarette smoking promotes endothelial dysfunction and is a prominent catalyst for vascular disease. This study employed laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) and spectral analysis to investigate the skin microvascular response to relatively mild stimulus of stretching in diabetic smokers. MethodsThe study population consisted of thirty type 2 diabetic male patients (15 smokers vs. https://pipingrockers.shop/product-category/dl-phenylalanine/