Abstract We start with role-based trust management (RBTM) and address some of the challenges associated with using RBTM in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We then enhance RBTM with reputation systems (RSs). and propose a new hybrid trust management system (HTMS). In HTMS. https://www.bekindtopets.com/quick-buy-Titans-Pets-First-Reversible-Dog-Bandana-deal-zone/